Low temperatures make engine starting difficult; the primary reasons for this are increased lubricant viscosity, reduced battery performance, and poor fuel atomization.
As temperatures drop, the viscosity of engine oil increases and its flow characteristics deteriorate. This degrades the engine's lubrication conditions and significantly increases the rotational resistance of the crankshaft.
At low temperatures, the viscosity of the battery's electrolyte also increases, reducing its permeability. Furthermore, the internal resistance of the battery rises, causing a significant drop in both capacity and terminal voltage-to the point where the battery may even fail to discharge. This voltage reduction prevents the starter motor from generating the required output power, making it difficult to achieve the crankshaft speed necessary for starting.
Because low temperatures result in a low crankshaft speed during startup, both the temperature within the intake manifold and the airflow velocity remain low. Consequently, fuel atomization is poor, which further exacerbates the difficulties associated with starting the engine.
Under low-temperature conditions, the high viscosity and poor flow characteristics of various operating fluids create operational difficulties for the road roller and accelerate the wear and tear of mechanical components.
High lubricant viscosity increases the power loss caused by oil churning during mechanical operation. This leads to a reduction in engine output power and a decline in the efficiency of the transmission system, thereby diminishing the driving capability of both the road roller's propulsion system and its vibration mechanism.
Poor lubricant flow characteristics make it difficult to effectively lubricate certain components, thereby reducing lubrication efficacy and accelerating the wear of mechanical parts within the engine and transmission systems.
The high viscosity of operating fluids also increases flow resistance within hydraulic lines. This makes hydraulic steering control more difficult and reduces the effectiveness of hydraulically actuated brakes, thereby complicating vehicle operation and negatively impacting driving safety.
Construction work during the cold season also presents common hazards associated with freezing. For instance, if the electrolyte in the battery freezes, the battery will cease to function; similarly, if the cooling water in a water-cooled engine freezes, it can cause the radiator and cylinder block to crack.
