Common single-bucket loaders are classified according to their engine power, transmission type, running gear structure, and loading method.
Engine Power:
Loaders with an engine power of less than 74 kW are classified as small loaders; those with a power output between 74 kW and 147 kW are medium loaders; those between 147 kW and 515 kW are large loaders; and those exceeding 515 kW are extra-large loaders.
Transmission Type:
Hydro-mechanical transmission features low shock and vibration, long service life for transmission components, ease of operation, and automatic adjustment between vehicle speed and external load; it is generally adopted in medium and large loaders. Hydraulic transmission offers stepless speed regulation and simple operation, though it exhibits relatively poor starting performance; it is typically used only in small loaders. Electric transmission provides stepless speed regulation, reliable operation, and simple maintenance, but entails higher costs; it is generally employed in large loaders.
Running Gear Structure:
Wheeled type: Characterized by light weight, high speed, flexible maneuverability, high efficiency, and minimal damage to road surfaces; however, it has high ground pressure and relatively poor off-road capability, despite being widely utilized. Tracked type: Features low ground pressure, excellent off-road capability, a low center of gravity, superior stability, strong adhesion, high traction, and high cutting force; conversely, it has low speed, relatively poor maneuverability, high costs, and a tendency to damage road surfaces during movement.
Loading/Unloading Method:
Front-dumping type: Features a simple structure, reliable operation, and excellent visibility; it is suitable for various work sites and is the most widely applied type. Rotary type: The working device is mounted on a turntable capable of rotating 360 degrees, allowing for side dumping without the need to turn the vehicle around, resulting in high operational efficiency; however, it has a complex structure, high weight, high cost, and relatively poor lateral stability, making it best suited for confined spaces. Rear-dumping type: Loads at the front and dumps at the rear, offering high operational efficiency, though it presents relatively lower operational safety.
